In 1796 he published a Manifesto advocating an equal distribution of land and income and a call for an insurrection against the Directory.

The insurrection failed and Babeuf was guillotined. Subsequently he became a legendary figure among later Socialist thinkers.

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Bayezid II
c.1447-1512
Ottoman Sultan



Known as 'the Just' Bayezid II succeeded to the throne in 1481.

He consolidated Ottoman rule in the Balkans, Asia Minor, and the eastern Mediterranean. He successfully opposed the heretical Safavid dynasty of Persia. A dispute over succession between his sons led to his abdication.

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Ben Gurion
1886-1973
Leader of Israel




David Ben Gurion was born in Poland. He emigrated to Palestine in 1906 where he became secretary of the labour movement.

During WW II he cooperated with the British but led the political and military struggle for Jewish independence against them, 1947-48.

He is considered the founding father of Israel and became its first Prime Minister (1948-53 and 1955-63).

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Otto von Bismarck

1815-98
German Statesman



Appointed Minister-President of Prussia in 1862 Bismarck formed the North German Confederation after wars against Denmark and Austria.

He was the creator of the German empire in 1871 after victory over France. Known as the 'Iron Chancellor' because of his anti-socialist legislation he instituted important social, economic and imperial policies and played a leading role in the European alliance systems.

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Biography