1789-1854



German Physicist who discovered one of the fundamental laws of current electricity.

He showed experimentally that there was a simple relationship between resistance, current and voltage. His famous law stated that the current flow through a conductor is proportional to the potential difference (voltage).

Unfortunately, when Ohm published his finding in 1827, his ideas were dismissed by his colleagues. He would receive no credit for his findings until the Royal Society in London recognized the significance of his discovery and awarded him the Copley medal in 1841.

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J. Robert
Oppenheimer

1904-1967


American physicist who was noted for his contribution relating to quantum theory, the theory of relativity and cosmic rays. 1943-1945 he served as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos resulting in the first nuclear explosion.

Oppenheimer had welcomed the chance to support the war effort and to play a major role in the scientific world. People marveled at how he seemed to understand any concept instantly. He had the greatest memory anyone had ever seen. He seemed to keep all aspects of the Manhattan Project in his head, along with an impressive knowledge of the arts and literature.

Near the end of his life, Oppen-heimer expressed mixed feelings about the atomic bombings:
'I have no remorse about the making of the bomb. .... as for how we used it, I understand why it happened .... but I do not have the feeling that it was done right. The ultimatum to Japan was full of pious platitudes ... our government should have acted with more foresight and clarity in telling the world and Japan what the bomb meant.'

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Pavlov, Ivan P.

1849-1936



Russian scientist and physiologist who studied the digestive process in dogs, from which he developed the concept of the conditioned reflex.

Pavlov was educated to enter priesthood but elected to be a scientist. After studies in Russia, he went to Germany for graduate work. His numerous contributions are in 4 major fields, cardiac physiology, digestion, central nervous system and psychophysiology.

In his investigations of digestive glands he was awarded the Nobel prize in 1904. His book on reflexes is monumental and he will be remembered as one of the great physiologists of all time.

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