1883-1946


Engl. economist known for his economic theory on the causes of prolonged unemployment.

His classic book 'The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money' (1936) is generally regarded as one of the most influential social science treatise of the 20th Century, in that it quickly and permanently changed the way the world looked at the economy and the role of government in society.
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Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste

1744-1829


French biologist who propagated evolutionary change and known for his idea that acquired traits are inheritable.

He published 'Zoological Philosophy' in 1809 in which he came up with a reasonable theory of organic evolution. He believed that species could change through time by passing on traits acquired during an individual's life to their offspring.
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Laplace, Pierre-Simon

1749-1827



French astronomer and physicist who applied Newtonian theory of gravitation to the entire solar system.

He also published works on probability including supplements dealing with the determination of the masses of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus; triangulation methods in surveying; and problems of geodesy in particular the determination of the meridian of France.
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Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent

1743-1794


French scientist who is regarded as the father of modern chemistry.

He introduced the term oxygen, and he formulated the law of conservation of matter, proving that when a burning substance combines with oxygen the weight of the products of combustion equals the original weight.

In 1775 Lavoisier was appointed a commissioner of the Royal Gunpowder Administration. He succeeded in producing more and better gunpowder by increasing the supply and ensuring the purity of the constituents: saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal.

Lavoisier took part in the events leading to the French Revolution, and in its early years he drew up plans and reports advocating many reforms, including the establishment of the metric system of weights and measures.

Despite his eminence, he came under attack as a former farmer-general of taxes and was guillotined in 1794

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Lavoisier Biography