1627-91


Irish scientist and philosopher. Recognized as the founder of modern chemistry and one of the founders of the Royal Society.

He studied the compression and expansion of air and other gases, and formulated Boyle's law. This law states that the volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely with its pressure.

Boyle also improved the air pump, and studied the boiling and freezing of liquids at reduced pressure in a bell jar.

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Dalton, John

1766-1844


English chemist and physicist who determined the relative weights of atoms, and formulated the atomic theory - that all elements are composed of tiny, identical, and indestructible particles.

He also developed Dalton's law of partial pressures - that the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas independently - and found that gases expand as their temperature is raised.

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